Veni AI
Conversationele AI

Conversationele AI: Best Practices voor Chatbotontwikkeling

Gids voor de ontwikkeling van chatbots voor ondernemingen, dialoogbeheer, contextafhandeling, conversatieontwerp en een productieklare chatbotarchitectuur.

Veni AI Technical Team1 Ocak 20256 dk okuma
Conversationele AI: Best Practices voor Chatbotontwikkeling

Conversationele AI: Best Practices voor Chatbot-ontwikkeling

Conversationele AI-systemen maken interactie tussen mens en computer mogelijk via natuurlijke taal. In deze gids onderzoeken we strategieën voor chatbot-ontwikkeling op ondernemingsniveau.

Chatbot-architectuur

Kerncomponenten

1┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
2│                    User Interface                   │
3└───────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┘
4                        │
5┌───────────────────────▼────────────────────────────┐
6│              Input Processing Layer                 │
7│  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌────────────────┐   │
8│  │  Speech  │  │   Text   │  │   Multimodal   │   │
9│  │  to Text │  │ Normalize│  │   Processing   │   │
10│  └──────────┘  └──────────┘  └────────────────┘   │
1130: └───────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┘
12                        │
13┌───────────────────────▼────────────────────────────┐
14│                 Dialog Manager                      │
15│  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌────────────────┐   │
16│  │  Intent  │  │  State   │  │    Context     │   │
17│  │ Detection│  │ Manager  │  │    Handler     │   │
18│  └──────────┘  └──────────┘  └────────────────┘   │
1938: └───────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┘
20                        │
21┌───────────────────────▼────────────────────────────┐
22│              Response Generation                    │
23│  ┌──────────┐  ┌──────────┐  ┌────────────────┐   │
24│  │   LLM    │  │ Template │  │     Action     │   │
25│  │ Response │  │  Engine  │  │    Executor    │   │
26│  └──────────┘  └──────────┘  └────────────────┘   │
2746: └────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Contextbeheer

Gespreksgeheugen

1from typing import List, Dict
2from datetime import datetime
3
4class ConversationMemory:
5    def __init__(self, max_turns: int = 10):
6        self.max_turns = max_turns
7        self.history: List[Dict] = []
8        self.metadata: Dict = {}
9    
10    def add_message(self, role: str, content: str):
11        message = {
12            "role": role,
13            "content": content,
14            "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat()
15        }
16        self.history.append(message)
17        
18        # Clean old messages
19        if len(self.history) > self.max_turns * 2:
20            self.history = self.history[-self.max_turns * 2:]
21    
22    def get_context(self) -> List[Dict]:
23        return [{"role": m["role"], "content": m["content"]} 
24                for m in self.history]
25    
26    def summarize(self, llm_client) -> str:
27        """Summarize long conversations"""
28        if len(self.history) < 10:
29            return None
30        
31        response = llm_client.chat.completions.create(
32            model="gpt-4-turbo",
33            messages=[
34                {"role": "system", "content": "Summarize this conversation."},
35                {"role": "user", "content": str(self.history)}
36            ]
37        )
38        return response.choices[0].message.content

Sessie-status

1class SessionState:
2    def __init__(self, session_id: str):
3        self.session_id = session_id
4        self.user_info: Dict = {}
5        self.collected_data: Dict = {}
6        self.current_intent: str = None
7        self.current_step: str = None
8        self.awaiting_input: str = None
9    
10    def set_slot(self, name: str, value: any):
11        self.collected_data[name] = value
12    
13    def get_slot(self, name: str) -> any:
14        return self.collected_data.get(name)
15    
16    def clear_slots(self):
17        self.collected_data = {}
18    
19    def is_complete(self, required_slots: List[str]) -> bool:
20        return all(slot in self.collected_data for slot in required_slots)
21## Intentclassificatie
22
23### LLM-gebaseerde intentdetectie
24
25```python
26def detect_intent(user_message: str, available_intents: List[Dict]) -> Dict:
27    intent_descriptions = "\n".join([
28        f"- {intent['name']}: {intent['description']}"
29        for intent in available_intents
30    ])
31    
32    response = client.chat.completions.create(
33        model="gpt-4-turbo",
34        response_format={"type": "json_object"},
35        messages=[
36            {
37                "role": "system",
38                "content": f"""Determine the intent of the user message.
39                
40Available intents:
41{intent_descriptions}
42
43Respond in JSON format:
44{{"intent": "intent_name", "confidence": 0.0-1.0, "entities": {{}}}}
45"""
46            },
47            {"role": "user", "content": user_message}
48        ]
49    )
50    
51    return json.loads(response.choices[0].message.content)

Hybride intentdetectie

1from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
2from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
3
4class HybridIntentClassifier:
5    def __init__(self):
6        self.ml_classifier = None
7        self.vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()
8    
9    def train_ml(self, texts: List[str], labels: List[str]):
10        X = self.vectorizer.fit_transform(texts)
11        self.ml_classifier = LogisticRegression()
12        self.ml_classifier.fit(X, labels)
13    
14    def classify(self, text: str) -> Dict:
15        # ML prediction
16        X = self.vectorizer.transform([text])
17        ml_intent = self.ml_classifier.predict(X)[0]
18        ml_confidence = max(self.ml_classifier.predict_proba(X)[0])
19        
20        # Ask LLM if confidence is low
21        if ml_confidence < 0.7:
22            llm_result = detect_intent(text, self.available_intents)
23            return llm_result
24        
25        return {"intent": ml_intent, "confidence": ml_confidence}

Dialoogflow

Toestandsmachine

1from enum import Enum
2
3class OrderState(Enum):
4    START = "start"
5    PRODUCT_SELECTION = "product_selection"
6    QUANTITY = "quantity"
7    ADDRESS = "address"
8    CONFIRMATION = "confirmation"
9    COMPLETE = "complete"
10
11class OrderFlow:
12    def __init__(self):
13        self.state = OrderState.START
14        self.data = {}
15    
16    def process(self, user_input: str, intent: str) -> str:
17        if self.state == OrderState.START:
18            if intent == "order":
19                self.state = OrderState.PRODUCT_SELECTION
20                return "Welk product wilt u bestellen?"
21        
22        elif self.state == OrderState.PRODUCT_SELECTION:
23            self.data["product"] = user_input
24            self.state = OrderState.QUANTITY
25            return f"U heeft {user_input} geselecteerd. Hoeveel wilt u?"
26        
27        elif self.state == OrderState.QUANTITY:
28            self.data["quantity"] = int(user_input)
29            self.state = OrderState.ADDRESS
30            return "Kunt u uw afleveradres opgeven?"
31        
32        elif self.state == OrderState.ADDRESS:
33            self.data["address"] = user_input
34            self.state = OrderState.CONFIRMATION
35            return f"Bestellingsoverzicht:\n{self.data}\nBevestigt u?"
36        
37        elif self.state == OrderState.CONFIRMATION:
38            if "yes" in user_input.lower():
39                self.state = OrderState.COMPLETE
40                return "Bestelling ontvangen. Dank u wel!"
41            else:
42                self.state = OrderState.START
43                return "Bestelling geannuleerd."
44## Responsgeneratie
45
46### Template + LLM-hybride
47
48```python
49class ResponseGenerator:
50    def __init__(self):
51        self.templates = {
52            "greeting": [
53                "Hello! How can I help you?",
54                "Welcome! What would you like to do today?"
55            ],
56            "farewell": [
57                "Have a good day! See you again.",
58                "I'm here if you have any other questions. Goodbye!"
59            ]
60        }
61    
62    def generate(self, intent: str, context: Dict) -> str:
63        # Template for simple intents
64        if intent in self.templates:
65            return random.choice(self.templates[intent])
66        
67        # LLM for complex intents
68        return self.llm_generate(intent, context)
69    
70    def llm_generate(self, intent: str, context: Dict) -> str:
71        system_prompt = f"""You are a helpful customer service assistant.
72User intent: {intent}
73Current context: {json.dumps(context, ensure_ascii=False)}
74
75Rules:
76- Give short and concise answers
77- Be friendly but professional
78- Ask follow-up questions if necessary
79"""
80        
81        response = client.chat.completions.create(
82            model="gpt-4-turbo",
83            messages=[
84                {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt},
85                *context.get("history", [])
86            ]
87        )
88        
89        return response.choices[0].message.content

Fallbackafhandeling

1class FallbackHandler:
2    def __init__(self):
3        self.fallback_count = 0
4        self.max_fallbacks = 3
5    
6    def handle(self, user_input: str, context: Dict) -> str:
7        self.fallback_count += 1
8        
9        if self.fallback_count >= self.max_fallbacks:
10            self.fallback_count = 0
11            return self.human_handoff(context)
12        
13        responses = [
14            "I didn't understand. Could you rephrase that?",
15            "I cannot help with this. You can ask a different question.",
16            "I think I misunderstood you. could you try again?"
17        ]
18        
19        return responses[self.fallback_count - 1]
20    
21    def human_handoff(self, context: Dict) -> str:
22        # Hand off to human agent
23        create_support_ticket(context)
24        return "I am connecting you to a customer representative. Please wait."

Analytics en Monitoring

1class ChatAnalytics:
2    def __init__(self):
3        self.metrics = {
4            "total_conversations": 0,
5            "successful_resolutions": 0,
6            "fallback_rate": 0,
7            "avg_turns_per_conversation": 0,
8            "intent_distribution": {}
9        }
10    
11    def log_conversation(self, conversation: Dict):
12        self.metrics["total_conversations"] += 1
13        
14        # Intent tracking
15        for message in conversation["messages"]:
16            if "intent" in message:
17                intent = message["intent"]
18                self.metrics["intent_distribution"][intent] = \
19                    self.metrics["intent_distribution"].get(intent, 0) + 1
20        
21        # Resolution tracking
22        if conversation.get("resolved"):
23            self.metrics["successful_resolutions"] += 1
24    
25    def get_resolution_rate(self) -> float:
26        if self.metrics["total_conversations"] == 0:
27            return 0
28        return self.metrics["successful_resolutions"] / self.metrics["total_conversations"]

Productiechecklist

Beveiliging

  • Invoersanitisatie
  • Rate limiting
  • PII-masking
  • Injectiebescherming

Prestaties

  • Responstijd < 2s
  • Ondersteuning voor gelijktijdige gebruikers
  • Caching-laag
  • Auto-scaling

Gebruikservaring

  • Typindicatoren
  • Foutmeldingen
  • Gespreksgeschiedenis
  • Meertalige ondersteuning

Conclusie

Conversationele AI is een krachtige technologie die klantinteracties transformeert. Je kunt succesvolle chatbots bouwen met een goed ontworpen dialoogflow, robuuste foutafhandeling en continue verbetering.

Bij Veni AI ontwikkelen we chatbotoplossingen voor ondernemingen.

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